Ulangan 8:1--10:22
Konteks8:1 You must keep carefully all these commandments 1 I am giving 2 you today so that you may live, increase in number, 3 and go in and occupy the land that the Lord promised to your ancestors. 4 8:2 Remember the whole way by which he 5 has brought you these forty years through the desert 6 so that he might, by humbling you, test you to see if you have it within you to keep his commandments or not. 8:3 So he humbled you by making you hungry and then feeding you with unfamiliar manna. 7 He did this to teach you 8 that humankind 9 cannot live by bread 10 alone, but also by everything that comes from the Lord’s mouth. 11 8:4 Your clothing did not wear out nor did your feet swell all these forty years. 8:5 Be keenly aware that just as a parent disciplines his child, 12 the Lord your God disciplines you. 8:6 So you must keep his 13 commandments, live according to his standards, 14 and revere him. 8:7 For the Lord your God is bringing you to a good land, a land of brooks, 15 springs, and fountains flowing forth in valleys and hills, 8:8 a land of wheat, barley, vines, fig trees, and pomegranates, of olive trees and honey, 8:9 a land where you may eat food 16 in plenty and find no lack of anything, a land whose stones are iron 17 and from whose hills you can mine copper. 8:10 You will eat your fill and then praise the Lord your God because of the good land he has given you.
8:11 Be sure you do not forget the Lord your God by not keeping his commandments, ordinances, and statutes that I am giving you today. 8:12 When you eat your fill, when you build and occupy good houses, 8:13 when your cattle and flocks increase, when you have plenty of silver and gold, and when you have abundance of everything, 8:14 be sure 18 you do not feel self-important and forget the Lord your God who brought you from the land of Egypt, the place of slavery, 8:15 and who brought you through the great, fearful desert of venomous serpents 19 and scorpions, an arid place with no water. He made water flow 20 from a flint rock and 8:16 fed you in the desert with manna (which your ancestors had never before known) so that he might by humbling you test you 21 and eventually bring good to you. 8:17 Be careful 22 not to say, “My own ability and skill 23 have gotten me this wealth.” 8:18 You must remember the Lord your God, for he is the one who gives ability to get wealth; if you do this he will confirm his covenant that he made by oath to your ancestors, 24 even as he has to this day. 8:19 Now if you forget the Lord your God at all 25 and follow other gods, worshiping and prostrating yourselves before them, I testify to you today that you will surely be annihilated. 8:20 Just like the nations the Lord is about to destroy from your sight, so he will do to you 26 because you would not obey him. 27
9:1 Listen, Israel: Today you are about to cross the Jordan so you can dispossess the nations there, people greater and stronger than you who live in large cities with extremely high fortifications. 28 9:2 They include the Anakites, 29 a numerous 30 and tall people whom you know about and of whom it is said, “Who is able to resist the Anakites?” 9:3 Understand today that the Lord your God who goes before you is a devouring fire; he will defeat and subdue them before you. You will dispossess and destroy them quickly just as he 31 has told you. 9:4 Do not think to yourself after the Lord your God has driven them out before you, “Because of my own righteousness the Lord has brought me here to possess this land.” It is because of the wickedness of these nations that the Lord is driving them out ahead of you. 9:5 It is not because of your righteousness, or even your inner uprightness, 32 that you have come here to possess their land. Instead, because of the wickedness of these nations the Lord your God is driving them out ahead of you in order to confirm the promise he 33 made on oath to your ancestors, 34 to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. 9:6 Understand, therefore, that it is not because of your righteousness that the Lord your God is about to give you this good land as a possession, for you are a stubborn 35 people!
9:7 Remember – don’t ever forget 36 – how you provoked the Lord your God in the desert; from the time you left the land of Egypt until you came to this place you were constantly rebelling against him. 37 9:8 At Horeb you provoked him and he was angry enough with you to destroy you. 9:9 When I went up the mountain to receive the stone tablets, the tablets of the covenant that the Lord made with you, I remained there 38 forty days and nights, eating and drinking nothing. 9:10 The Lord gave me the two stone tablets, written by the very finger 39 of God, and on them was everything 40 he 41 said to you at the mountain from the midst of the fire at the time of that assembly. 9:11 Now at the end of the forty days and nights the Lord presented me with the two stone tablets, the tablets of the covenant. 9:12 And he said to me, “Get up, go down at once from here because your people whom you brought out of Egypt have sinned! They have quickly turned from the way I commanded them and have made for themselves a cast metal image.” 42 9:13 Moreover, he said to me, “I have taken note of these people; they are a stubborn 43 lot! 9:14 Stand aside 44 and I will destroy them, obliterating their very name from memory, 45 and I will make you into a stronger and more numerous nation than they are.”
9:15 So I turned and went down the mountain while it 46 was blazing with fire; the two tablets of the covenant were in my hands. 9:16 When I looked, you had indeed sinned against the Lord your God and had cast for yourselves a metal calf; 47 you had quickly turned aside from the way he 48 had commanded you! 9:17 I grabbed the two tablets, threw them down, 49 and shattered them before your very eyes. 9:18 Then I again fell down before the Lord for forty days and nights; I ate and drank nothing because of all the sin you had committed, doing such evil before the Lord as to enrage him. 9:19 For I was terrified at the Lord’s intense anger 50 that threatened to destroy you. But he 51 listened to me this time as well. 9:20 The Lord was also angry enough at Aaron to kill him, but at that time I prayed for him 52 too. 9:21 As for your sinful thing 53 that you had made, the calf, I took it, melted it down, 54 ground it up until it was as fine as dust, and tossed the dust into the stream that flows down the mountain. 9:22 Moreover, you continued to provoke the Lord at Taberah, 55 Massah, 56 and Kibroth-Hattaavah. 57 9:23 And when he 58 sent you from Kadesh-Barnea and told you, “Go up and possess the land I have given you,” you rebelled against the Lord your God 59 and would neither believe nor obey him. 9:24 You have been rebelling against him 60 from the very first day I knew you!
9:25 I lay flat on the ground before the Lord for forty days and nights, 61 for he 62 had said he would destroy you. 9:26 I prayed to him: 63 O, Lord God, 64 do not destroy your people, your valued property 65 that you have powerfully redeemed, 66 whom you brought out of Egypt by your strength. 67 9:27 Remember your servants Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob; ignore the stubbornness, wickedness, and sin of these people. 9:28 Otherwise the people of the land 68 from which you brought us will say, “The Lord was unable to bring them to the land he promised them, and because of his hatred for them he has brought them out to kill them in the desert.” 69 9:29 They are your people, your valued property, 70 whom you brought out with great strength and power. 71
10:1 At that same time the Lord said to me, “Carve out for yourself two stone tablets like the first ones and come up the mountain to me; also make for yourself a wooden ark. 72 10:2 I will write on the tablets the same words 73 that were on the first tablets you broke, and you must put them into the ark.” 10:3 So I made an ark of acacia 74 wood and carved out two stone tablets just like the first ones. Then I went up the mountain with the two tablets in my hands. 10:4 The Lord 75 then wrote on the tablets the same words, 76 the ten commandments, 77 which he 78 had spoken to you at the mountain from the middle of the fire at the time of that assembly, and he 79 gave them to me. 10:5 Then I turned, went down the mountain, and placed the tablets into the ark I had made – they are still there, just as the Lord commanded me.
10:6 “During those days the Israelites traveled from Beeroth Bene-Yaaqan 80 to Moserah. 81 There Aaron died and was buried, and his son Eleazar became priest in his place. 10:7 From there they traveled to Gudgodah, 82 and from Gudgodah to Jotbathah, 83 a place of flowing streams. 10:8 At that time the Lord set apart the tribe of Levi 84 to carry the ark of the Lord’s covenant, to stand before the Lord to serve him, and to formulate blessings 85 in his name, as they do to this very day. 10:9 Therefore Levi has no allotment or inheritance 86 among his brothers; 87 the Lord is his inheritance just as the Lord your God told him. 10:10 As for me, I stayed at the mountain as I did the first time, forty days and nights. The Lord listened to me that time as well and decided not to destroy you. 10:11 Then he 88 said to me, “Get up, set out leading 89 the people so they may go and possess 90 the land I promised to give to their ancestors.” 91
10:12 Now, Israel, what does the Lord your God require of you except to revere him, 92 to obey all his commandments, 93 to love him, to serve him 94 with all your mind and being, 95 10:13 and to keep the Lord’s commandments and statutes that I am giving 96 you today for your own good? 10:14 The heavens – indeed the highest heavens – belong to the Lord your God, as does the earth and everything in it. 10:15 However, only to your ancestors did he 97 show his loving favor, 98 and he chose you, their descendants, 99 from all peoples – as is apparent today. 10:16 Therefore, cleanse 100 your heart and stop being so stubborn! 101 10:17 For the Lord your God is God of gods and Lord of lords, the great, mighty, and awesome God who is unbiased and takes no bribe, 10:18 who justly treats 102 the orphan and widow, and who loves resident foreigners, giving them food and clothing. 10:19 So you must love the resident foreigner because you were foreigners in the land of Egypt. 10:20 Revere the Lord your God, serve him, be loyal to him and take oaths only in his name. 10:21 He is the one you should praise; 103 he is your God, the one who has done these great and awesome things for you that you have seen. 10:22 When your ancestors went down to Egypt, they numbered only seventy, but now the Lord your God has made you as numerous as the stars of the sky. 104
[8:1] 1 tn The singular term (מִצְוָה, mitsvah) includes the whole corpus of covenant stipulations, certainly the book of Deuteronomy at least (cf. Deut 5:28; 6:1, 25; 7:11; 11:8, 22; 15:5; 17:20; 19:9; 27:1; 30:11; 31:5). The plural (מִצְוֹת, mitsot) refers to individual stipulations (as in vv. 2, 6).
[8:1] 2 tn Heb “commanding” (so NASB). For stylistic reasons, to avoid redundancy, “giving” has been used in the translation (likewise in v. 11).
[8:1] 3 tn Heb “multiply” (so KJV, NASB, NLT); NIV, NRSV “increase.”
[8:1] 4 tn Heb “fathers” (also in vv. 16, 18).
[8:2] 5 tn Heb “the
[8:2] 6 tn Or “wilderness” (so KJV, NRSV, NLT); likewise in v. 15.
[8:3] 7 tn Heb “manna which you and your ancestors did not know.” By popular etymology the word “manna” comes from the Hebrew phrase מָן הוּא (man hu’), i.e., “What is it?” (Exod 16:15). The question remains unanswered to this very day. Elsewhere the material is said to be “white like coriander seed” with “a taste like honey cakes” (Exod 16:31; cf. Num 11:7). Modern attempts to associate it with various desert plants are unsuccessful for the text says it was a new thing and, furthermore, one that appeared and disappeared miraculously (Exod 16:21-27).
[8:3] 8 tn Heb “in order to make known to you.” In the Hebrew text this statement is subordinated to what precedes, resulting in a very long sentence in English. The translation makes this statement a separate sentence for stylistic reasons.
[8:3] 9 tn Heb “the man,” but in a generic sense, referring to the whole human race (“mankind” or “humankind”).
[8:3] 10 tn The Hebrew term may refer to “food” in a more general sense (cf. CEV).
[8:3] 11 sn Jesus quoted this text to the devil in the midst of his forty-day fast to make the point that spiritual nourishment is incomparably more important than mere physical bread (Matt 4:4; cf. Luke 4:4).
[8:5] 12 tn Heb “just as a man disciplines his son.” The Hebrew text reflects the patriarchal idiom of the culture.
[8:6] 13 tn Heb “the commandments of the
[8:6] 14 tn Heb “by walking in his ways.” The “ways” of the Lord refer here to his moral standards as reflected in his commandments. The verb “walk” is used frequently in the Bible (both OT and NT) for one’s moral and ethical behavior.
[8:9] 16 tn The Hebrew term may refer to “food” in a more general sense (cf. NASB, NCV, NLT) or “bread” in particular (cf. NAB, NIV, NRSV).
[8:9] 17 sn A land whose stones are iron. Since iron deposits are few and far between in Palestine, the reference here is probably to iron ore found in mines as opposed to the meteorite iron more commonly known in that area.
[8:14] 18 tn The words “be sure” are not in the Hebrew text; vv. 12-14 are part of the previous sentence. For stylistic reasons a new sentence was started at the beginning of v. 12 in the translation and the words “be sure” repeated from v. 11 to indicate the connection.
[8:15] 19 tn Heb “flaming serpents”; KJV, NASB “fiery serpents”; NAB “saraph serpents.” This figure of speech (metonymy) probably describes the venomous and painful results of snakebite. The feeling from such an experience would be like a burning fire (שָׂרָף, saraf).
[8:15] 20 tn Heb “the one who brought out for you water.” In the Hebrew text this continues the preceding sentence, but the translation begins a new sentence here for stylistic reasons.
[8:16] 21 tn Heb “in order to humble you and in order to test you.” See 8:2.
[8:17] 22 tn For stylistic reasons a new sentence was started at the beginning of v. 17 in the translation and the words “be careful” supplied to indicate the connection.
[8:17] 23 tn Heb “my strength and the might of my hand.”
[8:18] 24 tc Smr and Lucian add “Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob,” the standard way of rendering this almost stereotypical formula (cf. Deut 1:8; 6:10; 9:5, 27; 29:13; 30:20; 34:4). The MT’s harder reading presumptively argues for its originality, however.
[8:19] 25 tn Heb “if forgetting, you forget.” The infinitive absolute is used for emphasis; the translation indicates this with the words “at all” (cf. KJV).
[8:20] 26 tn Heb “so you will perish.”
[8:20] 27 tn Heb “listen to the voice of the
[9:1] 28 tn Heb “fortified to the heavens” (so NRSV); NLT “cities with walls that reach to the sky.” This is hyperbole.
[9:2] 29 sn Anakites. See note on this term in Deut 1:28.
[9:2] 30 tn Heb “great and tall.” Many English versions understand this to refer to physical size or strength rather than numbers (cf. “strong,” NIV, NCV, NRSV, NLT).
[9:3] 31 tn Heb “the
[9:5] 32 tn Heb “uprightness of your heart” (so NASB, NRSV). The Hebrew word צְדָקָה (tsÿdaqah, “righteousness”), though essentially synonymous here with יֹשֶׁר (yosher, “uprightness”), carries the idea of conformity to an objective standard. The term יֹשֶׁר has more to do with an inner, moral quality (cf. NAB, NIV “integrity”). Neither, however, was grounds for the
[9:5] 33 tn Heb “the
[9:6] 35 tn Heb “stiff-necked” (so KJV, NAB, NIV).
[9:6] sn The Hebrew word translated stubborn means “stiff-necked.” The image is that of a draft animal that is unsubmissive to the rein or yoke and refuses to bend its neck to draw the load. This is an apt description of OT Israel (Exod 32:9; 33:3, 5; 34:9; Deut 9:13).
[9:7] 36 tn By juxtaposing the positive זְכֹר (zekhor, “remember”) with the negative אַל־תִּשְׁכַּח (’al-tishÿkakh, “do not forget”), Moses makes a most emphatic plea.
[9:7] 37 tn Heb “the
[9:9] 38 tn Heb “in the mountain.” The demonstrative pronoun has been used in the translation for stylistic reasons.
[9:10] 39 sn The very finger of God. This is a double figure of speech (1) in which God is ascribed human features (anthropomorphism) and (2) in which a part stands for the whole (synecdoche). That is, God, as Spirit, has no literal finger nor, if he had, would he write with his finger. Rather, the sense is that God himself – not Moses in any way – was responsible for the composition of the Ten Commandments (cf. Exod 31:18; 32:16; 34:1).
[9:10] 40 tn Heb “according to all the words.”
[9:10] 41 tn Heb “the
[9:12] 42 tc Heb “a casting.” The MT reads מַסֵּכָה (massekhah, “a cast thing”) but some
[9:13] 43 tn Heb “stiff-necked.” See note on the word “stubborn” in 9:6.
[9:14] 44 tn Heb “leave me alone.”
[9:14] 45 tn Heb “from under heaven.”
[9:15] 46 tn Heb “the mountain.” The translation uses a pronoun for stylistic reasons to avoid redundancy.
[9:16] 47 tn On the phrase “metal calf,” see note on the term “metal image” in v. 12.
[9:16] 48 tn Heb “the
[9:17] 49 tn The Hebrew text includes “from upon my two hands,” but as this seems somewhat obvious and redundant, it has been left untranslated for stylistic reasons.
[9:19] 50 tn Heb “the anger and the wrath.” Although many English versions translate as two terms, this construction is a hendiadys which serves to intensify the emotion (cf. NAB, TEV “fierce anger”).
[9:19] 51 tn Heb “the
[9:20] 52 tn Heb “Aaron.” The pronoun is used in the translation to avoid redundancy.
[9:21] 53 tn Heb “your sin.” This is a metonymy in which the effect (sin) stands for the cause (the metal calf).
[9:21] 54 tn Heb “burned it with fire.”
[9:22] 55 sn Taberah. By popular etymology this derives from the Hebrew verb בָעַר (ba’ar, “to burn”), thus, here, “burning.” The reference is to the
[9:22] 56 sn Massah. See note on this term in Deut 6:16.
[9:22] 57 sn Kibroth-Hattaavah. This place name means in Hebrew “burial places of appetite,” that is, graves that resulted from overindulgence. The reference is to the Israelites stuffing themselves with the quail God had provided and doing so with thanklessness (Num 11:31-35).
[9:23] 58 tn Heb “the
[9:23] 59 tn Heb “the mouth of the Lord your God,” that is, against the commandment that he had spoken.
[9:24] 60 tn Heb “the
[9:25] 61 tn The Hebrew text includes “when I prostrated myself.” Since this is redundant, it has been left untranslated.
[9:25] 62 tn Heb “the
[9:26] 63 tn Heb “the
[9:26] 64 tn Heb “Lord
[9:26] 65 tn Heb “your inheritance”; NLT “your special (very own NRSV) possession.” Israel is compared to landed property that one would inherit from his ancestors and pass on to his descendants.
[9:26] 66 tn Heb “you have redeemed in your greatness.”
[9:26] 67 tn Heb “by your strong hand.”
[9:28] 68 tc The MT reads only “the land.” Smr supplies עַם (’am, “people”) and LXX and its dependents supply “the inhabitants of the land.” The truncated form found in the MT is adequate to communicate the intended meaning; the words “the people of” are supplied in the translation for clarity.
[9:28] 69 tn Or “wilderness” (so KJV, NASB, NRSV, NLT).
[9:29] 70 tn Heb “your inheritance.” See note at v. 26.
[9:29] 71 tn Heb “an outstretched arm.”
[10:1] 72 tn Or “chest” (so NIV, CEV); NLT “sacred chest”; TEV “wooden box.” This chest was made of acacia wood; it is later known as the ark of the covenant.
[10:2] 73 sn The same words. The care with which the replacement copy must be made underscores the importance of verbal precision in relaying the
[10:3] 74 sn Acacia wood (Heb “shittim wood”). This is wood from the acacia, the most common timber tree of the Sinai region. Most likely it is the species Acacia raddiana because this has the largest trunk. See F. N. Hepper, Illustrated Encyclopedia of Bible Plants, 63.
[10:4] 75 tn Heb “he”; the referent (the
[10:4] 76 tn Heb “according to the former writing.” See note on the phrase “the same words” in v. 2.
[10:4] 77 tn Heb “ten words.” The “Ten Commandments” are known in Hebrew as the “Ten Words,” which in Greek became the “Decalogue.”
[10:4] 78 tn Heb “the
[10:4] 79 tn Heb “the
[10:6] 80 sn Beeroth Bene-Yaaqan. This Hebrew name could be translated “the wells of Bene-Yaaqan” or “the wells of the sons of Yaaqan,” a site whose location cannot be determined (cf. Num 33:31-32; 1 Chr 1:42).
[10:6] 81 sn Moserah. Since Aaron in other texts (Num 20:28; 33:38) is said to have died on Mount Hor, this must be the Arabah region in which Hor was located.
[10:7] 82 sn Gudgodah. This is probably the same as Haggidgad, which is also associated with Jotbathah (Num 33:33).
[10:7] 83 sn Jotbathah. This place, whose Hebrew name can be translated “place of wadis,” is possibly modern Ain Tabah, just north of Eilat, or Tabah, 6.5 mi (11 km) south of Eilat on the west shore of the Gulf of Aqaba.
[10:8] 84 sn The
[10:8] 85 sn To formulate blessings. The most famous example of this is the priestly “blessing formula” of Num 6:24-26.
[10:9] 86 sn Levi has no allotment or inheritance. As the priestly tribe, Levi would have no land allotment except for forty-eight towns set apart for their use (Num 35:1-8; Josh 21:1-42). But theirs was a far greater inheritance, for the
[10:9] 87 tn That is, among the other Israelite tribes.
[10:11] 88 tn Heb “the
[10:11] 89 tn Heb “before” (so KJV, ASV); NAB, NRSV “at the head of.”
[10:11] 90 tn After the imperative these subordinated jussive forms (with prefixed vav) indicate purpose or result.
[10:11] 91 tn Heb “fathers” (also in vv. 15, 22).
[10:12] 92 tn Heb “the
[10:12] 93 tn Heb “to walk in all his ways” (so KJV, NIV, NRSV); NAB “follow his ways exactly”; NLT “to live according to his will.”
[10:12] 94 tn Heb “the
[10:12] 95 tn Heb “heart and soul” or “heart and being”; NCV “with your whole being.” See note on the word “being” in Deut 6:5.
[10:13] 96 tn Heb “commanding” (so NASB, NRSV). For stylistic reasons, to avoid redundancy, “giving” has been used in the translation.
[10:15] 97 tn Heb “the
[10:15] 98 tn Heb “take delight to love.” Here again the verb אָהַב (’ahav, “love”), juxtaposed with בָחַר (bakhar, “choose”), is a term in covenant contexts that describes the
[10:15] 99 tn The Hebrew text includes “after them,” but it is redundant in English style and has not been included in the translation.
[10:16] 100 tn Heb “circumcise the foreskin of” (cf. KJV, ASV, NRSV). Reference to the Abrahamic covenant prompts Moses to recall the sign of that covenant, namely, physical circumcision (Gen 17:9-14). Just as that act signified total covenant obedience, so spiritual circumcision (cleansing of the heart) signifies more internally a commitment to be pliable and obedient to the will of God (cf. Deut 30:6; Jer 4:4; 9:26).
[10:16] 101 tn Heb “your neck do not harden again.” See note on the word “stubborn” in Deut 9:6.
[10:18] 102 tn Or “who executes justice for” (so NAB, NRSV); NLT “gives justice to.”
[10:21] 103 tn Heb “your praise.” The pronoun is subjective and the noun “praise” is used here metonymically for the object of their praise (the Lord).
[10:22] 104 tn Or “heavens.” The Hebrew term שָׁמַיִם (shamayim) may be translated “heaven(s)” or “sky” depending on the context.
untuk membuka halaman teks alkitab dalam format PDF. [